JustOneMinute: Hug-A-Thug

Hug-A-Thug

The WSJ has an article about a seemingly effective tactic for disrupting open-air drug markets. Mark Kleiman was not involved with this project but gets quoted and has more thoughts here.

Let me capture the flavor of the program with this from the WSJ:

For over three months, police investigated more than 20 dealers operating in this city's West End neighborhood, where crack cocaine was openly sold on the street and in houses. Police made dozens of undercover buys and videotaped many other drug purchases.

They also did something unusual: they determined the "influentials" in the dealers' lives -- mothers, grandmothers, mentors -- and cultivated relationships with them. When police felt they had amassed ironclad legal cases, they did something even more striking: they refrained from arresting most of the suspected dealers.

In a counterintuitive approach, police here are trying to shut down entire drug markets, in part by giving nonviolent suspected drug dealers a second chance. Their strategy combines the "soft" pressure from families and community with the "hard" threat of aggressive, ready-to-go criminal cases. While critics say the strategy is too lenient, it has met with early success and is being tried by other communities afflicted with overt drug markets and the violence they breed.

My two cents? One of the best quotes from the article is this:

The High Point strategy was the brainchild of David Kennedy, a 48-year-old professor at New York's John Jay College of Criminal Justice. In the 1990s, when he was at Harvard University, Mr. Kennedy helped develop Boston's anti-gang strategy, a community-involvement approach credited with drastically reducing violent crime.

But the drug initiative was a much harder sell. Mr. Kennedy says he had been trying for more than five years to convince police departments across the country to try it. When Mr. Kennedy first approached Winston-Salem, "We all told him he was crazy," says Police Chief Patricia Norris. Mr. Kennedy says he would ask, "When do you think what you're doing now is going to start working?"

The basic theory was this:

..."A market is something that requires a large number of actors," says Mr. Reuter, who is an economist as well as an illicit-drugs expert. "If can you can get all the actors out, you can disrupt the system."

And did that work?

Randy Dejournette, one of the alleged dealers invited to come to the second-chance meeting at the police station in 2004, says "everybody's gone" from the streets in the West End -- and that's one reason he says he doesn't deal now. "I'm not going to go out there by myself and sit on the corner and look dumb."

However, the truly bad guys do not get off easy:

he High Point police knew who were the lookouts, the runners, the petty dealers and the big wheels. Analyzing the overall market led them to suppliers they might not have found otherwise. Assistant Chief Sumner points to Kevin Cotton, a six-foot-two man with a tattoo that read "thug life," who was a major source of drugs in a neighborhood targeted by police. An informant told them that he not only supplied dealers, but robbed and intimidated them. He "controlled the market," Mr. Sumner says. But because he didn't live in the area, "we probably never would have focused on him." Police made enough undercover buys to warrant federal charges, then arrested Mr. Cotton because they felt his record was too violent for him to be offered a second chance. He's now serving 20 years in federal prison.

Arresting violent offenders is one key to making the initiative work. It removes the dominant actors in the market and sets a powerful example. But the other key is that police refrain from arresting suspects who haven't become hardened, violent criminals. These are often young people -- Mr. Dejournette, for example, was 19 when he was invited to the second-chance meeting. For them, police try to implement a communitywide intervention, choreographed to send three clear messages: If they return to dealing, they'll go to jail; their community will help them turn their lives around but won't tolerate drug crime any longer; and the police and community are working together to combat dealing.

MORE: CBS News provided the Cliff Notes version in June.

Posted by Tom Maguire on September 27, 2006 | Permalink

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